Who are the Hibakusha?
Hibakusha is the Japanese term for survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the atomic bomb “Little Boy” on Hiroshima, followed by “Fat Man” on Nagasaki three days later. These attacks resulted in over 200,000 deaths by the end of 1945. Many thousands survived, often with lifelong injuries, and came to be known as Hibakusha, or “bomb-affected people.” Remarkably, more than 160 individuals, referred to as Niju Hibakusha, were present at both bombings.
Today, there are 106,825 living Hibakusha, with an average age of 85.6 years, according to Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. Despite the Japanese government’s support in the form of medical allowances, Hibakusha continue to face societal discrimination due to fears that radiation effects might be inherited or contagious.
The Global Movement for Nuclear Disarmament
In the aftermath of the atomic bombings, a global movement emerged to prevent such devastation from occurring again. The Hibakusha, through Nihon Hidankyo, became central figures in this movement, sharing personal testimonies to raise awareness about the catastrophic impact of nuclear weapons. These efforts helped build a powerful international norm known as the “nuclear taboo”, a moral stance against the use of nuclear weapons.
The testimony of Hibakusha plays a unique role in this global movement. Their firsthand accounts of survival from the atomic infernos have helped the world understand the unimaginable suffering caused by nuclear warfare. Through educational campaigns and witness accounts, they have helped generate global opposition to nuclear weapons, contributing to the nearly 80-year stretch without the use of nuclear weapons in war.
Nihon Hidankyo’s Work for a Nuclear-Free World
Founded in 1956, Nihon Hidankyo united survivors of the atomic bombings and nuclear test victims in the Pacific. It has grown to become Japan’s most influential Hibakusha organization, providing thousands of witness testimonies, participating in peace conferences, and making annual delegations to the United Nations. These efforts have helped keep the pressing need for nuclear disarmament at the forefront of global discussions.
The Nobel Committee highlighted that while no nuclear weapons have been used in war for nearly eight decades, today’s geopolitical climate poses alarming risks. Nuclear powers are modernizing their arsenals, new countries are exploring the possibility of acquiring nuclear weapons, and threats of nuclear warfare are being voiced more frequently. The Nobel Peace Prize for 2024 serves as a reminder of the destructive potential of these weapons and honors those who have worked tirelessly to maintain the nuclear taboo.
The Legacy of Hibakusha Lives On
As the Hibakusha age, their stories and warnings become all the more precious. Though one day these survivors will no longer be with us, new generations in Japan are carrying forward their message. By preserving the memory of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they inspire and educate people around the world, helping to sustain the nuclear taboo.
The Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Nihon Hidankyo reflects Alfred Nobel’s vision that committed individuals can make a significant difference in the world. This award stands alongside other Peace Prizes given to champions of nuclear disarmament, symbolizing humanity’s hope for a future free of nuclear warfare.